I. General Information
Web-HUMAN is at http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/human
Excel can be accessed via the Apple menu or in the folder Applications.
II. Anemia
Decreased red cell mass & hemoglobin (i.e. an anemia due
to decreased HCT) can accompany several disease states including
malnutrition and renal disease. Such an anemia can be progressively
be created by reducing basic erythropoeisis to zero (ERYTHB
= 0.0). This induces a slowly developing anemia and it is best
to record normal values of important variables before starting
and then again at several levels of hematocrit (as indicated in
the table below).
| HCT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| AP | ||||||||
| CO | ||||||||
| RCM | ||||||||
| PV | ||||||||
| IFV | ||||||||
| CELH2O | ||||||||
| BODH2O |
IV. Analysis
Compensations have occurred at each of the values of HCT tabulated above. Address three of the areas below by picking appropriate variables to view in HUMAN.
1) Hemodynamics - Characterize/explain the rise in cardiac output.
2) Fluid shifts - Explore the possibilities of the loss of fluid from the vascular space (PV) to the interstitial space due to protein (HHb) and osmotic particle (RBC) loss.
3) Ventilation - Are arterial O2 tension & content normal? Are venous oxygen tension & content normal?
4) Cause of death - How long can the simulated subject survive after erythropoeisis is stopped? Examine autopsy data ("Your patients chart") and account for the findings.
In addition to the variables
listed in the basic table above, via multiple web_HUMAN runs track
addition useful hemodynamic, fluid and respiratory variables including
AP, COL, HCT, the various plasma fluid pressures involved in transvascular
fluid shifts (e.g. PCAP, POSM etc.), lymph flow rates, plasma
protein, & hemoglobin, blood viscosity, total peripheral resistance
and conductance, resistance to venous return, blood gas content
(O2A) and partial pressure (PCO2A), etc.
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A reminder - Some additonal helpful concepts
CO = HR * SV
CO = COND * AP
* adapted from Dr. Randal's Huamn-80
Microcomputer Student Manual